Student accountability system

ABSTRACT

Methods, systems, and apparatus, including computer programs encoded on computer storage media, for student accountability systems. School buses can be equipped with a bus system that executes a driver application. Students carry student identification (ID) systems that identify the students to the bus system, which in turn reports a geographic location to a student accountability system. The bus system is configured to permit rapid boarding and easy usage by drivers. The student accountability system provides a parent portal and an administrator portal to monitor the students and provide other useful functions.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a continuation application of U.S. application Ser.No. 15/972,885, filed on May 7, 2018, which is a continuationapplication of U.S. application Ser. No. 14/744,186, filed on Jun. 19,2015, now U.S. Pat. No. 9,977,935, which claims priority to U.S.Provisional Application No. 62/015,226, filed on Jun. 20, 2014, thedisclosure of which are expressly incorporated herein by reference intheir entirety.

BACKGROUND

This specification relates to computing systems to support students,parents, and school administrators.

Since student transportation began, school districts have beenchallenged with the problem of not knowing which students were on whichbuses. Schools and transportation departments can receive phone callsseveral times a week, and sometimes several times a day, from distraughtparents stating that their children were not on the bus. Systems existfor tracking students as they board school buses using radio frequencyidentification (RFID) tags, but these system can be ineffective becausethey delay the boarding process and cause confusion for the bus drivers.

SUMMARY

This specification describes student accountability systems that areconfigured to monitor students' locations. School buses can be equippedwith a bus system that executes a driver application. Students carrystudent identification (ID) systems that identify the students to thebus system, which in turn reports a geographic location to a studentaccountability system. The bus system is configured to permit rapidboarding and easy usage by drivers. The student accountability systemprovides a parent portal and an administrator portal to monitor thestudents and provide other useful functions.

One aspect of the invention features a method including presenting astudent ID system to a bus system coupled to a school bus, causing thebus system to read a unique student ID from the student ID system usinga first identification mode of the student ID system; and presenting thestudent ID system to a different school computing system, causing thedifferent school computing system to read the unique student ID from thestudent ID system using a second identification mode of the student IDsystem.

In some embodiments, using the first identification mode involves usinga near field RFID device of the student ID system, and using the secondidentification mode involves using an active RFID device of the studentID system. In some instances the different school computing system is acafeteria computer system or a library computer system.

Another aspect of the invention features a method performed by a buscomputing system for a bus. The method includes determining that the bushas reached a designated stop; presenting, on a display of the buscomputing system, a list of students to enter or exit the bus at thedesignated stop; and as each student enters or exits the bus, receivinga student identifier from a student identifier system of the student,and in response, moving a name of the student associated with studentidentifier to a lower position in the list of students presented on thedisplay.

In some embodiments the method also includes receiving input from adriver selecting one of the students from the list of students;presenting a photo of the selected student and a user interface elementfor manually boarding or exiting the student; receiving input from thedriver selecting the user interface element; and adding or removing thestudent ID for the selected student from a roster for the bus withoutreceiving the student ID from a student ID system.

The method may include receiving a student ID from a student ID systemand determining that the student associated with the student ID is notauthorized to enter or exit the bus at the current bus stop; presentinga user interface element on the display to override the lack ofauthorization; receiving input from the driver selecting the userinterface element; and adding or removing the student ID to or from aroster for the bus.

Another aspect of the invention features bus computing system for a bus.The system is configured to perform operations including monitoring acurrent location of the bus; determining that the bus is at a designatedstop and that a first plurality of students are assigned to exit at thedesignated stop; receiving a second plurality of student IDs fromstudents exiting the bus; determining, using the monitoring of thecurrent location of the bus, that the bus is pulling away from thedesignated stop and that one or more students assigned to exit at thedesignated stop have not exited the bus; and performing an alert actionto alert the driver that the one or more students assigned to exist atthe designated stop have not exited the bus.

Another aspect of the invention features a bus computing systemconfigured to perform operations including monitoring a current locationof the bus; determining, based on the current location of the bus, thatthe bus is beginning a second route after completing a first route; andwithout input from the driver, automatically loading route data for thesecond route.

The operations may include determining that a student from the firstroute is still on the bus and, in response, presenting a user interfaceelement to a driver of the bus to allow the driver to authorize thestudent from the first route to continue on the second route.

Another aspect of the invention features a bus computing systemconfigured to perform operations including receiving a route comprisinga plurality of stops entered by an administrator using a mappingapplication; presenting a user interface element to a driver of the busto allow the driver to indicate that the bus has reached one of thestops; determining, using a location module, that an actual location ofthe bus is different from the location of the stop in the route; andrecording an update to the stop for the route using the actual locationof the bus.

Another aspect of the invention features a case for a tablet computersystem. The case has an outer section and an inner section configured toreceive the tablet computer system, and the inner section has anembedded antenna assembly including a first patch in a center area ofthe inner section and configured to align with a near field RFID readerin the center of the tablet computer system, and a second patch in anedge area of the inner section and configured to extend the near fieldRFID reader to the edge of the case.

In some embodiments the first patch comprises a conductive coil insideof an enclosure.

Another aspect of the invention features a case for a tablet computersystem with an outer section and an inner section configured to receivethe tablet computer system, and in which the inner section comprises anantenna assembly having an embedded first patch in a center area of theinner section and configured to align with a near field RFID reader inthe center of the tablet computer system, and a second patch external tothe case and coupled to the first patch by a wire.

The details of one or more embodiments of the subject matter describedin this specification are set forth in the accompanying drawings and thedescription below. Other features, aspects, and advantages of thesubject matter will become apparent from the description, the drawings,and the claims.

BRIEF DESCRIPTIONS OF DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a diagram of an environment for monitoring student activities.

FIG. 2 is a block diagram of an example student accountability system.

FIG. 3 is a block diagram of an example student ID system.

FIG. 4 is a block diagram of an example bus system.

FIGS. 5A-5T show screen shots of an example GUI for the driverapplication and illustrate example functions that can be performed bythe driver application.

FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating a tablet computer and a case for thetablet computer.

FIG. 7 is a diagram of an alternative case for the tablet computer.

Like reference numbers and designations in the various drawings indicatelike elements.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

FIG. 1 is a diagram of an environment 100 for monitoring studentactivities. The environment 100 includes a student accountability system102 which can be a server system of one or more computers configured tocommunicate over a data communications network 104, e.g., the Internet.FIG. 1 illustrates an overview of the environment, and other figuresshow components of the environment in greater detail.

The student accountability system 102 communicates over a wirelessnetwork 108, e.g., a cellular network, with bus systems 106 a-b that areon school buses. Students 110 a-d board the buses with studentidentification (ID) systems 112 a-d. The bus systems 106 a-b identifystudent IDs from the student ID systems 112 a-d. The bus systems 106 a-bcan determine locations of the buses, e.g., using global positioningsystem (GPS) technology, and report location information and studentstatus information to the student accountability system 102.

The student accountability system 102 provides an administrator portalto a school administrator 114. The school administrator 114 access theportal with a user device 116, e.g., a personal computer, tablet, orphone. Through the administrator portal, the student accountabilitysystem 102 can provide information describing where the buses are andwhich students are on which buses.

The student accountability system 102 provides a parent portal toparents 118 a-b of the students. The parents 118 a-b access the portalwith user devices 120 a-b, e.g., personal computers, tablets, or phones.Through the parent portal, the student accountability system 102 canprovide information describing a particular student's location or thelocation of a particular bus that the student is riding.

The student accountability system 102 can also provide additionalstudent services using another school system 124. The other schoolsystem 124 can be, e.g., a computer system in a cafeteria that studentsuse to purchase food. Parents 118 a-b can use the parent portal to addcredits to a student's account, e.g., using a credit card or otherpayment system. The other school system 124 can also be, e.g., acomputer system in a library that students use to check out books. Thestudents 110 e-f can use their student ID systems 112 e-f to check outbooks and/or purchase food at the cafeteria.

The student accountability system 102 can also provide additionalstudent services using a campus system 126. The campus system comprisesone or more student ID readers positioned in or near campus areas orbuildings or rooms. The student ID readers can communicate with thestudent accountability system 102 over the network 104, e.g., using awireless local area network (LAN) or the cellular network 106.

The student ID readers report student IDs to the student accountabilitysystem 102 as students pass by the student ID readers carrying studentID systems. Using student ID readers positioned in doorways andwalkways, the student accountability system 102 can aid parents andadministrators in locating students on a campus or within buildings.

The environment in FIG. 1 is described with reference to parents,students, and school administrators. The technology described in thisdocument can also be applied in other settings. For example, thetechnology can be used to track passengers or cargo in othertransportation environments.

FIG. 2 is a block diagram of an example student accountability system102. The student accountability system 102 can be implemented using aserver system of one or more computers which can be distributed, e.g.,within a data center or across different geographic regions using anetwork.

The system stores student data 202, driver data 204, and route data 206.The system includes executable software modules including anadministrator portal 208, a parent portal 210, and an accessory module212. The system also includes a tracking module 214 which receiveslocation and student status information from bus systems 106 a-b andprovides relevant information to the parent portal 210 and theadministrator portal 208. The system includes a campus module 216 tointerface with the campus system 126 that includes one or more studentID readers positioned in different locations on a campus, e.g., indoorways to rooms or buildings or walkways.

The student data 202 can be populated by an administrator 114, byparents 118 a-b, or a combination of both. For example, parents 118 a-bcan be instructed to log in to the parent portal 210 to populate thestudent data 202 with information about their students. Administratorscan populate the student data 202 with data from parents who are unableor do not wish to access the parent portal 210.

The student data 202 can include a unique student identifier (ID) foreach student. The IDs can be generated by the system 102 or by anadministrator 114. Each student ID can be associated in the student data202 with a student's name and other optional information, e.g., one ormore photographs of the student. Each student ID is associated with oneor more bus routes stored in the route data 206. Each student ID canalso be associated with one or more parent or guardian names and withcontact information for parents or emergency contacts or for others.

In some implementations, some student IDs are associated with a list ofindividuals who are authorized to receive a student who is leaving abus. The list can be displayed to a driver using a display device of abus system 106 so that the driver can confirm that a student is beingreleased to an authorized individual.

The driver data 204 is typically populated by the administrator 114 andincludes a unique ID for each driver who will be driving in theadministrator's school system. Each driver ID is associated with one ormore routes in the route data 206 that the driver will be driving on.The driver IDs can be associated with other information, e.g., a log ofcompleted driver status checks.

The route data 206 is typically populated by the administrator 114. Theroute data 206 specifies a number of routes for the buses to complete topick up and drop off students for going to and from schools. The routedata can be specified using the administrator portal 208. For example,the administrator portal can present a map in a graphical user interfaceto the administrator 114, and the administrator 114 can then drop pinson the map to specify the route. The administrator can also assigndriver IDs to the routes to specify which drivers are driving whichroutes.

The administrator portal 208 provides an administrator 114 with relevantinformation from the tracking module 114. For example, the administratorportal 208 can display the locations of multiple buses in the schoolsystem and lists of students on the buses. The parent portal 210provides parents 118 a-b with relevant information to the parents'students from the tracking module 114. For example, the parent portal210 can provide a parent with the location of the bus that the parent'sstudent is riding.

The accessory module 212 is configured to interface with another schoolcomputer system. For example, the accessory module 212 can communicatewith a cafeteria computer system or a library computer system. A parentcan log into the parent portal 210 and add cafeteria credits to astudent's account and see what books the student has checked out fromthe library.

The tracking module 214 receives location information and student statusinformation from the bus systems 106 a-b. For example, the trackingmodule 214 can receive location coordinates from the bus systems 106a-b, lists of students that are riding the buses, and lists of studentsthat have been dropped off at designated stops. The tracking module 214provides relevant information to the administrator portal 208 and theparent portal 210.

The campus module 216 receives student IDs from student ID readers thatare positioned around a campus or building. As students pass by thestudent ID readers, the student ID readers read student IDs from thestudents' ID systems and send the student IDs to the campus module 216.The campus module 216 stores information associating each student IDreader with a geographic location. An administrator or parent, using theadmin or parent portal, can determine the location of a student byobserving the last recorded location of the student's ID by the campussystem.

FIG. 3 is a block diagram of an example student ID system 112. Thestudent ID system 112 includes multiple different types of identifiers.Each of the identifiers can provide the same unique student ID for agiven student. The student ID system 112 can be contained in anyappropriate container, e.g., a card that a student can keep in a pocket,a card attached to a lanyard that goes around the neck, or in awristband module.

The student ID system 112 includes a near-field RFID module 304. Thenear-field RFID module is energized by an RFID interrogator when thestudent ID system is presented to the RFID interrogator. The student IDsystem also includes an active RFID module 306, which includes a powersource and is capable of transmitting the unique student ID withoutbeing energized by an interrogator. The student ID system 112 includes avisual indicator 308 of the unique student ID. The visual indicator 308can be a bar code or a quick response (QR) code or even printedcharacters that express the unique student ID.

By having multiple identifiers, the student ID system 112 can be used inmultiple settings, and the students only have to carry one form ofidentification. For example, a student can use the near-field RFIDmodule 304 to check out books at the library, and the student can usethe visual indicator 308 to purchase food from the cafeteria.

The student can use the active RFID module 306 when boarding a bus, forexample, so that students do not have to individually swipe their IDs asthe board. In that example, the bus system 106 can poll the students' IDsystems after all the students have boarded to improve boarding time.Alternatively, students can use the near-field RFID module 304 whileboarding the bus, e.g., so that the driver can individually confirmevery student as the students board.

Additionally or alternatively, students can use the active RFID modulewith the campus system 126. For example, the campus system can includeRFID interrogators within a number of classrooms, and an administratorcan get the student IDs of the students in a given classroom by pollingthe student ID systems of the students in the classroom.

FIG. 4 is a block diagram of an example bus system 106. The bus system106 can be any appropriate computer system, e.g., a laptop or a personalcomputer or a smart phone. For purposes of illustration, the bus system106 will be described as being a tablet computer having a touch screendisplay.

The bus system 106 can be attached to the bus or carried by the busdriver. In some implementations, the bus system 106 is mounted at thefront of the bus, between the driver and the bus door. A claw gripdevice can be secured to the bus, and the bus system can be mounted orremoved by sliding or pushing the bus system into the claw grip device.Students can present a student ID system 112 to the bus system whileentering or exiting the bus. The driver can see the display and reachthe display to perform any needed functions, and the driver can removethe bus system 106 if needed, e.g., to perform a vehicle check aftercompleting a route.

The bus system 106 stores student data 404, driver data 406, and routedata 408. In some implementations, the bus system 106 only stores thestudent, driver, and route needed for a particular route or number ofroutes to be completed on a given day. The bus system 106 can downloadthe needed information from the student accountability system 102, e.g.,over the cellular network 108, when a driver logs into the bus system106.

The bus system includes a location system 410 and an ID system 412. Thelocation system 410 is configured to determine a location of the bussystem, e.g., using GPS or by any other appropriate locating technology.The ID system 412 is configured to receive student IDs from the studentID systems 112 a-d and can also be used to identify drivers who carrydriver ID systems. For example, the ID system 412 can be an RFIDinterrogator or a bar code reader.

The bus system includes a driver application 414. The driver application414 is configured for rapid boarding of students and accurate reporting.The driver application 414 can send information to the studentaccountability system 102, which can in turn send out alerts. Forexample, the student accountability system 102 can send out an alert toeveryone on a list associated with a student ID when the student's busis a certain amount of time from arriving as the student's designatedstop.

The driver application 414 can perform automatic route transitioning.For example, suppose that a bus covers two routes in a morning, one toan elementary school and one to a middle school. After all of thestudents have been dropped off at the elementary school, the bus driverstarts driving the route for the middle school students. The driverapplication 414, using the location module, can determine that the bushas started the later route and automatically load route data for thelater route.

The driver application 414 can also be used in a route learning mode.The routes stored in the route data can be created by a schooladministrator dropping pins onto a map displayed by a mappingapplication, and in some cases, the stop locations will not be correct.In the route learning mode, a driver can drive to all of the stops onthe route, push a button when the bus is located at a stop, and have thedriver application 414 record a precise location of the bus at the stop.The route data in the student accountability system can then be updatedwith the recorded locations.

In some implementations, the driver application 414 can validate whetheror not a pre or post trip inspection has been completed by a driver. Thedriver application 414 uses location information and time stampinformation to validate the inspection. For example, the driverapplication 414 can generate a flag or a report for an administrator ifthe location module indicates that the bus system stayed in the samelocation while the driver enters information as part of the inspection.In some examples, fixed areas or zones are designated around the bus. Asthe driver performs the inspection, the driver selects a user interfaceelement displayed by the driver application, and the driver applicationchecks whether the location module indicates that the driver is in thecorrect zone for that stage of the inspection.

The driver application 414 is configured to present a graphical userinterface (GUI) to a driver. FIGS. 5A-5T show screen shots of an exampleGUI for the driver application and illustrate example functions that canbe performed by the driver application.

FIG. 5A is a view of the driver application GUI that can be displayedafter a driver logs into the bus system 106. The driver can log in,e.g., by presenting an RFID driver ID to the ID system 412 of the bussystem 106. The GUI displays an identifier for the bus and a number ofroutes that the bus system 106 automatically loads for the driver basedon the driver's ID. The bus system 106 can load the routes from thestudent accountability system 102. The GUI can also display a buttonthat takes the driver to a pre-trip inspection screen, e.g., that thedriver uses while performing an inspection of the bus prior to driving aroute.

FIG. 5B is a view of the driver application GUI that the driverapplication can display when a substitute driver logs on to the bussystem 106. Upon recognizing that the driver is a substitute driver, thedriver application displays that no route is selected. The substitutedriver can select a button to active a pop-up window that displays alist of routes to choose from.

FIG. 5C is a view of the driver application GUI that the driverapplication can display when a driver selects the pre-trip inspectionbutton. The driver application can prompt the driver to enter certaininformation, e.g., the starting mileage of the bus.

FIG. 5D is a view of a home screen for the driver application. The homescreen has a navigation bar with various buttons. One of the buttons candisplay the current time, which is useful to ensure that drivers arerunning on the correct time to improve fleet wide efficiency. Anotherbutton can display roster information; pressing the roster buttonenables a driver to view the student roster in different views. Thenavigation bar can also include buttons to access route data, forms, andalerts that have been sent to the bus system 106 from the studentaccountability system 102.

FIG. 5E is a view of the driver application GUI that can be displayedwhile students are boarding. From the view, the driver can select one ofthree different types of views. In an “EZ” view, the driver sees acomplete list of actual students riding the bus. From a “Stop” view, thedriver sees a list of riders grouped by their designated stop. From an“Alpha” view, the driver sees a complete list of eligible riders.

FIG. 5F is a view of the driver application GUI that can be displayedwhen the driver selects the “routes” button from the navigation bar. Theview displays a list of stops for a current route. The driverapplication can use the location module to determine the location of thebus and highlight a current stop on the list corresponding to the bus'slocation. At a glance, drivers can know what the next stop is and whattime they should be there.

FIG. 5G is a view of the driver application GUI that can be displayedwhen the driver selects the “forms” button from the navigation bar. Aschool system can populate the available forms with customized forms forthe school system. For example, the driver can fill out bus safetyreports, or customize a seating chart.

FIG. 5H is a view of a customizable seating chart as presented in thedriver application GUI. A driver can drag and drop names from a listonto a two dimensional representation of the seats on the bus. Thedriver application can then send the seating chart to the studentaccountability system 102.

FIG. 5I is a view of the driver application GUI that can be displayedwhen the driver selects the “alerts” button from the navigation bar. Thestudent accountability system 102 can send the alerts to the bus system106. The alerts can be displayed a list of messages with indicatorsshowing whether each of the messages have been read. When the driverselects one of the messages from the list, the message is displayed.

FIG. 5J is a view of the driver application GUI that can be displayedwhile the driver is driving the bus. In this “drive mode,” the driverapplication can display the route and battery life, the current time,the time the bus should be at the next stop, the next stop address, andhow many students are on the bus. Keeping the drive mode viewuncluttered can prevent the driver application from distracting thedriver.

FIG. 5K is a view of the driver application GUI that can be displayedwhile students are boarding the bus. As a student presents a student IDsystem 112 to the bus system 106, the bus system 106 determines thestudent's ID and then checks that the student is authorized to ride thecurrent route. The driver application can present the student's name,picture, and other optional information. Presenting the student's nameand picture can help the driver learn the students' names, which can beuseful in preventing bad behavior on the bus. The driver application canalso present a count of the number of students on the bus that increasesas students board the bus, or decreases as students exit the bus.

FIG. 5L is a view of the driver application GUI that can be displayedwhen an unauthorized student boards the bus. When an unauthorizedstudent boards, the bus system 106 can play an alarm sound, and anindicator can be displayed on the screen to show that the student isunauthorized. The driver application presents buttons to allow thedriver to cancel the boarding, e.g., if the student does not board, orto override the objection and allow the student to board. When thedriver selects the override button, the student is added to the rosterso that the driver application can account for the student when thestudents are exiting the bus.

FIG. 5M is a view of the driver application GUI that can be displayedwhen a student forgets or loses their student ID system. The driver canselect the “roster” button and then presses a “load” button next to thestudent's name, thereby manually boarding the student. To increase thespeed of boarding when manually boarding a student, then driverapplication can display a list of the students assigned to the currentstop at the top of the list of students, and the driver application canmove students who have already boarded to the bottom of the list. Movingstudents who have already boarded to the bottom of the list can help thedriver find the correct student name for the student who needs to bemanually boarded from the list of names.

FIG. 5N is a view of the driver application GUI that can be displayedwhen the driver selects a student to be manually loaded. The driverapplication displays the students photograph and a confirmation that thestudent is authorized. The driver can then confirm that the studentshould be manually loaded.

FIG. 5O is a view of the driver application GUI that can aid drivers inmaking sure that students are exiting the bus at the correct stops. Theview shows the number of students on the bus over the roster button andshows the number of students to be picked up or dropped off at the nextstop.

FIG. 5P is a view of the driver application GUI that can aid drivers inmaking sure that students are exiting the bus at the correct stops andcan be displayed while the driver is driving. The view shows the numberof students on the bus and the number of students to be picked up ordropped off at the next stop.

FIG. 5Q is a view of the driver application GUI that can be displayedwhen students are exiting the bus. The driver application informsdrivers when students attempt to get off at a stop that is not theirdesignated stop. This can be useful, e.g., when a younger elementarystudent mistakenly tries to get off at the wrong stop.

FIG. 5R is a view of the driver application GUI that can be displayedwhen a student is exiting the bus and the student is required to bereleased to a parent or guardian. When such a student presents a studentID system to the bus system, the driver application presents a list ofauthorized parents or guardians can also play an audio prompt to helpdraw the driver's attention. The driver can select one of the authorizedpersons from the list, or cancel the unloading or allow the student tounload without a guardian. The driver application records the event andcan report it to the student accountability system 102.

FIG. 5S is a view of the driver application GUI that can be displayedwhen a student is boarding the bus and the student has been suspended.The driver application can sound an alarm and present a box below thestudent's photograph that turns red and displays the dates ofsuspension.

FIG. 5T is a view of the driver application GUI that the driverapplication can display when a driver selects the post-trip inspectionbutton. The driver application can prompt the driver to enter certaininformation, e.g., the ending mileage of the bus.

FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating a tablet computer 602 and a case 604for the tablet computer 602. The case can be made of a flexiblematerial, e.g., silicone rubber, that provides impact protection to thetablet computer 602. The case includes an outer, thicker section 606 andan inner, thinner section 608 that is configured to receive the tabletcomputer 602 so that a touch screen of the tablet computer 602 facesaway from the case 604.

The tablet computer 602 includes a near field RFID reader 610 on a sideof the tablet computer 602 opposite the touch screen of the tabletcomputer 602. The inner section 608 of the case 604 includes an embeddedantenna extender assembly including a first patch 612 and a second patch614 that are electrically coupled, e.g., by a wire 616. Each patch canbe formed of a conductive coil within an enclosure.

The antenna extender assembly moves the target area of the near fieldRFID reader 610 from the center of the tablet computer 602 to an areacloser to an edge of the tablet computer 602. This is useful, e.g.,where the tablet computer 602 is being used as a bus system 106. Theedge of the tablet computer 602 can be a more convenient place forstudents to present student ID systems as they board the bus, e.g.,where a gripping assembly is holding the tablet computer 602 with thescreen facing the driver. By embedding the antenna extender assemblyinto the case 604, the tablet computer 602 can be set up to move thetarget area of the near field RFID reader merely by inserting the tabletcomputer 602 into the case 604.

FIG. 7 is a diagram of an alternative case 702 for the tablet computer602. The case 702 of FIG. 7 has a first patch 704 of an antenna assemblyembedded into the case and a second patch 706 which is free from thecase and electrically coupled to the first patch 704 by a wire 708. Byhaving the second patch 706 free from the case, the second patch 706 canbe located wherever on the bus it is convenient for students to presentstudent ID systems.

Embodiments of the subject matter and the functional operationsdescribed in this specification can be implemented in digital electroniccircuitry, in tangibly-embodied computer software or firmware, incomputer hardware, including the structures disclosed in thisspecification and their structural equivalents, or in combinations ofone or more of them. Embodiments of the subject matter described in thisspecification can be implemented as one or more computer programs, i.e.,one or more modules of computer program instructions encoded on atangible non-transitory program carrier for execution by, or to controlthe operation of, data processing apparatus. Alternatively or inaddition, the program instructions can be encoded on anartificially-generated propagated signal, e.g., a machine-generatedelectrical, optical, or electromagnetic signal, that is generated toencode information for transmission to suitable receiver apparatus forexecution by a data processing apparatus. The computer storage mediumcan be a machine-readable storage device, a machine-readable storagesubstrate, a random or serial access memory device, or a combination ofone or more of them.

The term “data processing apparatus” refers to data processing hardwareand encompasses all kinds of apparatus, devices, and machines forprocessing data, including by way of example a programmable processor, acomputer, or multiple processors or computers. The apparatus can also beor further include special purpose logic circuitry, e.g., an FPGA (fieldprogrammable gate array) or an ASIC (application-specific integratedcircuit). The apparatus can optionally include, in addition to hardware,code that creates an execution environment for computer programs, e.g.,code that constitutes processor firmware, a protocol stack, a databasemanagement system, an operating system, or a combination of one or moreof them.

A computer program, which may also be referred to or described as aprogram, software, a software application, a module, a software module,a script, or code, can be written in any form of programming language,including compiled or interpreted languages, or declarative orprocedural languages, and it can be deployed in any form, including as astand-alone program or as a module, component, subroutine, or other unitsuitable for use in a computing environment. A computer program may, butneed not, correspond to a file in a file system. A program can be storedin a portion of a file that holds other programs or data, e.g., one ormore scripts stored in a markup language document, in a single filededicated to the program in question, or in multiple coordinated files,e.g., files that store one or more modules, sub-programs, or portions ofcode. A computer program can be deployed to be executed on one computeror on multiple computers that are located at one site or distributedacross multiple sites and interconnected by a communication network.

The processes and logic flows described in this specification can beperformed by one or more programmable computers executing one or morecomputer programs to perform functions by operating on input data andgenerating output. The processes and logic flows can also be performedby, and apparatus can also be implemented as, special purpose logiccircuitry, e.g., an FPGA (field programmable gate array) or an ASIC(application-specific integrated circuit).

Computers suitable for the execution of a computer program include, byway of example, can be based on general or special purposemicroprocessors or both, or any other kind of central processing unit.Generally, a central processing unit will receive instructions and datafrom a read-only memory or a random access memory or both. The essentialelements of a computer are a central processing unit for performing orexecuting instructions and one or more memory devices for storinginstructions and data. Generally, a computer will also include, or beoperatively coupled to receive data from or transfer data to, or both,one or more mass storage devices for storing data, e.g., magnetic,magneto-optical disks, or optical disks. However, a computer need nothave such devices. Moreover, a computer can be embedded in anotherdevice, e.g., a mobile telephone, a personal digital assistant (PDA), amobile audio or video player, a game console, a Global PositioningSystem (GPS) receiver, or a portable storage device, e.g., a universalserial bus (USB) flash drive, to name just a few.

Computer-readable media suitable for storing computer programinstructions and data include all forms of non-volatile memory, mediaand memory devices, including by way of example semiconductor memorydevices, e.g., EPROM, EEPROM, and flash memory devices; magnetic disks,e.g., internal hard disks or removable disks; magneto-optical disks; andCD-ROM and DVD-ROM disks. The processor and the memory can besupplemented by, or incorporated in, special purpose logic circuitry.

The computing system can include clients and servers. A client andserver are generally remote from each other and typically interactthrough a communication network. The relationship of client and serverarises by virtue of computer programs running on the respectivecomputers and having a client-server relationship to each other.

While this specification contains many specific implementation details,these should not be construed as limitations on the scope of anyinvention or on the scope of what may be claimed, but rather asdescriptions of features that may be specific to particular embodimentsof particular inventions. Certain features that are described in thisspecification in the context of separate embodiments can also beimplemented in combination in a single embodiment. Conversely, variousfeatures that are described in the context of a single embodiment canalso be implemented in multiple embodiments separately or in anysuitable subcombination. Moreover, although features may be describedabove as acting in certain combinations and even initially claimed assuch, one or more features from a claimed combination can in some casesbe excised from the combination, and the claimed combination may bedirected to a subcombination or variation of a subcombination.

Similarly, while operations are depicted in the drawings in a particularorder, this should not be understood as requiring that such operationsbe performed in the particular order shown or in sequential order, orthat all illustrated operations be performed, to achieve desirableresults. In certain circumstances, multitasking and parallel processingmay be advantageous. Moreover, the separation of various system modulesand components in the embodiments described above should not beunderstood as requiring such separation in all embodiments, and itshould be understood that the described program components and systemscan generally be integrated together in a single software product orpackaged into multiple software products.

Thus, particular embodiments of the subject matter have been described.Other embodiments are within the scope of the following claims. Forexample, the subject matter is described in context of scientificpapers. The subject matter can apply to other indexed work that addsdepth aspect to a search. In some cases, the actions recited in theclaims can be performed in a different order and still achieve desirableresults. In addition, the processes depicted in the accompanying figuresdo not necessarily require the particular order shown, or sequentialorder, to achieve desirable results. In certain implementations,multitasking and parallel processing can be advantageous.

The invention claimed is:
 1. A method performed by a bus computingsystem for a bus, the method comprising: receiving, at a designated stopof multiple stops of a bus route of the bus, a student identifier (ID)from a student ID system when a student enters or exits the bus at thedesignated stop, each stop of the multiple stops of the bus route beingassociated with a respective list of authorized students to enter orexit the bus; determining whether the student associated with thestudent ID is authorized to enter or exit the bus at the designated stopof the multiple stops of the bus route; and in response to determiningthat the student is not authorized to enter or exit the bus at thedesignated stop of the multiple stops of the bus route, performing analert action to alert a driver of the bus; in response to determiningthat the student is not authorized to enter or exit the bus at thedesignated stop, presenting an override user interface element on adisplay of the bus computing system for overriding a lack ofauthorization, receiving input from the driver selecting the userinterface element, and adding or removing the student ID to or from aroster for the bus to allow the student to enter or exit the bus at thedesignated stop.
 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising: inresponse to receiving the student ID from the student ID system,presenting at least one of a name of the student or a photo of thestudent on the display.
 3. The method of claim 1, further comprising: inresponse to determining that the student is not authorized to enter orexit the bus at the designated stop, presenting a cancellation userinterface element on the display for refusing the student to enter orexit at the designated stop.
 4. The method of claim 1, whereinperforming the alert action comprises: playing an alarm sound.
 5. Themethod of claim 1, wherein performing the alert action comprises:presenting an indicator on the display to show that the student is notauthorized to enter or exit the bus at the designated stop.
 6. Themethod of claim 5, wherein the indicator is presented adjacent to aphoto of the student on the display.
 7. The method of claim 1, furthercomprising: receiving a second student ID from a second student IDsystem when a second student enters or exits the bus at the designatedstop; determining that the second student associated with the secondstudent ID is authorized to enter or exit the bus at the designatedstop; presenting an indicator on the display to show that the secondstudent is authorized to enter or exit the bus at the designated stop;and adding or removing the second student ID to or from a roster for thebus.
 8. The method of claim 7, further comprising: presenting a name anda photo of the second student on the display, wherein the indicator ispresented adjacent to the photo of the second student.
 9. The method ofclaim 7, further comprising: in response to adding or removing thestudent ID to or from the roster for the bus, automatically increasingor decreasing, on the display, a count indicating a total number of thelist of students on the bus by one.
 10. The method of claim 1, furthercomprising: receiving, from the driver, an input selecting the overrideuser interface element; and in response to receiving the input selectingthe override user interface element, adding or removing the student IDto or from a roster for the bus, the roster including all students onthe bus.
 11. A method performed by a bus computing system for a bus, themethod being for manually boarding or disembarking a student that has nostudent identifier (ID) system, the method comprising: presenting, on adisplay of the bus computing system, a corresponding list of authorizedstudents to enter or exit the bus at a designated stop of multiple stopsof a bus route of the bus, the display positioned to be visible to adriver of the bus, each stop of the multiple stops of the bus routebeing associated with a respective list of authorized students to enteror exit the bus; receiving, from the driver, a first input selecting thestudent from the corresponding list of authorized students, the studentbeing authorized to enter or exit the bus at the designated stop; inresponse to receiving the first input, presenting a photo of theselected student and a confirmation user interface element forconfirming manually boarding or disembarking the selected student; inresponse to determining that the student is not authorized to enter orexit the bus at the designated stop, presenting an override userinterface element on a display of the bus computing system foroverriding a lack of authorization, receiving input from the driverselecting the user interface element, and adding or removing the studentID to or from a roster for the bus to allow the student to enter or exitthe bus at the designated stop.
 12. The method of claim 11, whereinpresenting the corresponding list of authorized students to enter orexit the bus at the designated stop comprises: for each of thecorresponding list of authorized students, presenting a respective nameof the student and a respective user interface element adjacent to therespective name on the display, the respective user interface elementbeing for manually boarding or disembarking the student, wherein thefirst input selects the student by selecting the respective second userinterface element.
 13. The method of claim 11, further comprising:presenting a cancellation user interface element for cancelling manuallyboarding or disembarking the selected student, wherein the cancellationuser interface element is positioned adjacent to the confirmation userinterface element on the display.
 14. The method of claim 11, furthercomprising: presenting an indicator on the display to show that theselected student is authorized to enter or exit the bus at thedesignated stop, wherein the indicator is positioned adjacent to thephoto of the selected student on the display.
 15. The method of claim11, wherein presenting the corresponding list of authorized students toenter or exit the bus at the designated stop comprises: presenting thecorresponding list of authorized students to enter or exit the bus atthe designated stop of the multiple stops of the bus route on top of aplurality of students to enter or exit at the multiple stops of the busroute on the display.
 16. The method of claim 15, further comprising:receiving, from the driver, an initial input selecting an initial userinterface element for displaying the plurality of students to enter orexit at the multiple stops of the bus route.
 17. The method of claim 11,wherein presenting the corresponding list of authorized students toenter or exit the bus at the designated stop comprises: presentingstudents who have entered or exited the bus at the designated stop atlower positions in the corresponding list of authorized studentspresented on the display.
 18. A bus computing system of a bus,comprising: one or more processors; and one or more computer-readablememories coupled to the one or more processors and having instructionsstored thereon that are executable by the one or more processors toperform operations comprising: receiving, at a designated stop ofmultiple stops of a bus route of the bus, a student identifier (ID) froma student ID system when a student enters or exits the bus at thedesignated stop, each stop of the multiple stops of the bus route beingassociated with a respective list of students to enter or exit the bus;determining whether the student associated with the student ID isauthorized to enter or exit the bus at the designated stop of themultiple stops of the bus route; and in response to determining that thestudent is not authorized to enter or exit the bus at the designatedstop of the multiple stops of the bus route, performing an alert actionto alert a driver of the bus; in response to determining that thestudent is not authorized to enter or exit the bus at the designatedstop, presenting an override user interface element on a display of thebus computing system for overriding a lack of authorization, receivinginput from the driver selecting the user interface element, and addingor removing the student ID to or from a roster for the bus to allow thestudent to enter or exit the bus at the designated stop.
 19. The buscomputing system of claim 18, wherein the operations further comprise:receiving, from the driver of the bus, an input selecting the overrideuser interface element; and adding or removing the student ID to or froma roster for the bus, the roster including all students on the bus. 20.The bus computing system of claim 18, wherein the operations furthercomprise: receiving, from the driver, a first input selecting a firstuser interface element for displaying a plurality of students to enteror exit at the multiple stops of the bus route, presenting, on a displayof the bus computing system, a corresponding list of authorized studentsto enter or exit the bus at a second designated stop of the multiplestops of the bus route, receiving, from the driver, a second inputselecting a second student from the corresponding list of authorizedstudents, the second student having no student ID system and beingauthorized to enter or exit at the second designated stop, presenting aphoto of the second student and a second user interface element forconfirming manually boarding or disembarking the second student,receiving, from the driver, a third input selecting the second userinterface element, and in response to receiving the third input, addingor removing a second student ID for the second student to or from aroster for the bus, the roster including all students on the bus.